US History/US History (Bureau Development Inc.)(1991).ISO/dp/0054/00549.txt

Text File | 1990-12-23 | 33KB | 630 lines

$Unique_ID{USH00549}
$Pretitle{63}
$Title{Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
combination circuit - conducting staff}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Joint Chiefs of Staff}
$Affiliation{Department of Defense}
$Subject{dod
iadb
nato
command
communications
military
commander
security
forces
control}
$Volume{JCS Pub 1}
$Date{1987}
$Log{}
Book:        Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
Author:      Joint Chiefs of Staff
Affiliation: Department of Defense
Volume:      JCS Pub 1
Date:        1987

combination circuit - conducting staff

combination circuit:  (DOD, NATO)  In mine warfare, a firing circuit which
     requires actuation by two or more influences, either simultaneously or at
     a pre-ordained interval, before the circuit can function.  Also called
     combined circuit.

combination firing circuit:  (DOD, NATO)  An assembly comprising two
     independent firing systems, one non-electric and one electric, so that
     the firing of either system will detonate all charges.  See also
     dual-firing circuit.

combination influence mine:  (DOD, NATO)  A mine designed to actuate only when
     two or more different influences are received either simultaneously or in
     a predetermined order.  Also called combined influence mine.

combination mission/level of effort-oriented items:  (DOD)  Items for which
     requirement computations are based on the criteria used for both level of
     effort-oriented and mission-oriented items.

combined:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  Between two or more forces or agencies of two or
     more allies.  (When all allies or services are not involved, the
     participating nations and services shall be identified; e.g., Combined
     Navies.)  See also joint.

combined airspeed indicator:  (DOD, NATO)  An instrument which displays both
     indicated airspeed and mach number.

combined circuit:  See combination circuit.

combined common user item:  (IADB)  An item of an interchangeable nature which
     is in common use by two or more nations.

combined doctrine:  (DOD)  Fundamental principles that guide the employment of
     forces of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common
     objective.  It is ratified by participating nations.  See also joint
     doctrine, multi-service doctrine.

combined force:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A military force composed of elements of
     two or more allied nations.  See also force(s).

combined influence mine:  See combination influence mine.

combined operation:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  An operation conducted by forces of
     two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a
     single mission.

combined rescue coordination center:  See rescue coordination center.

combined staff:  (DOD, IADB)  A staff composed of personnel of two or more
     allied nations.  See also integrated staff; joint staff; parallel staff.

combustor:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A name generally assigned to the combination of
     flame holder or stabilizer, igniter, combustion chamber, and injection
     system of a ramjet or gas turbine.

command:  (DOD, IADB)  1.  The authority that a commander in the military
     Service lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or
     assignment.  Command includes the authority and responsibility for
     effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of,
     organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for
     the accomplishment of assigned missions.  It also includes responsibility
     for health, welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel.  2. An
     order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed
     for the purpose of bringing about a particular action.  3.  A unit or
     units, an organization, or an area under the command of one
     individual.  4.  To dominate by a field of weapon fire or by observation
     from a superior position.  See also air command; area command; base
     command.

command:  (NATO)  1.  The authority vested in an individual of the armed
     forces for the direction, coordination, and control of military
     forces.  2.  An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the
     commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular
     action.  3.  A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the
     command of one individual. 4.  To dominate by a field of weapon fire or
     by observation from a superior position.  See also area command; base
     command; full command; national command; operational command.

command altitude:  (DOD)  Altitude that must be assumed and/or maintained by
     the interceptor.

command and control:  (DOD, IADB)  The exercise of authority and direction by
     a properly designated commander over assigned forces in the
     accomplishment of the mission.  Command and control functions are
     performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications,
     facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning,
     directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the
     accomplishment of the mission.

command and control system:  (DOD, IADB)  The facilities, equipment,
     communications, procedures, and personnel essential to a commander for
     planning, directing, and controlling operations of assigned forces
     pursuant to the missions assigned.

command axis:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A line along which a headquarters will move.

command center:  (DOD, IADB)  A facility from which a commander and his
     representatives direct operations and control forces.  It is organized to
     gather, process, analyze, display, and disseminate planning and
     operational data and perform other related tasks.

command channel:  See chain of command.

command, control, and communications countermeasures:  (DOD)  The integrated
     use of operations security, military deception, jamming, and physical
     destruction, supported by intelligence, to deny information to,
     influence, degrade, or destroy adversary command, control, and
     communications (C3) capabilities and to protect friendly C3 against such
     actions.  Also called C3CM.  There are two divisions within C3CM:

     a.  counter-C3.  That division of C3CM comprising measures taken to deny
     adversary commanders and other decisionmakers the ability to command and
     control their forces effectively.

     b.  C3-protection.  That division of C3CM comprising measures taken to
     maintain the effectiveness of friendly C3 despite both adversary and
     friendly counter-C3 actions.

command, control and information system:  (NATO)  An integrated system of
     doctrine, procedures, organizational structure, personnel, equipment,
     facilities and communications which provides authorities at all levels
     with timely and adequate data to plan, direct and control their
     activities.

command controlled stocks:  (DOD, NATO)  Stocks which are placed at the
     disposal of a designated NATO commander in order to pro vide him with a
     flexibility with which to influence the battle logistically.  "Placed at
     the disposal of" implies responsibility for storage, maintenance,
     accounting, rotation or turnover, physical security and subsequent
     transportation to a particular battle area.

command destruct signal:  (DOD, NATO)  A signal used to operate intentionally
     the destruction signal in a missile.

command detonated mine:  (DOD, NATO)  A mine detonated by remotely controlled
     means.

command ejection system:  See ejection systems.

commander(s):  See executing commander (nuclear weapons); exercise commander;
     Major NATO Commanders; national commander; national force commanders;
     national territorial commander; releasing commander (nuclear weapons).

commander's concept:  See concept of operations.

commander's estimate of the situation:  (DOD, IADB)  A logical process of
     reasoning by which a commander considers all the circumstances affecting
     the military situation and arrives at a decision as to a course of action
     to be taken to accomplish the mission.  A commander's estimate which
     considers a military situation so far in the future as to require major
     assumptions, is called a commander's long-range estimate of the
     situation.  See also estimate of the situation.

command guidance:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A guidance system wherein intelligence
     transmitted to the missile from an outside source causes the missile to
     traverse a directed flight path.

command heading:  (DOD)  Heading that the controlled aircraft is directed to
     assume by the control station.

command net:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A communications network which connects an
     echelon of command with some or all of its subordinate echelons for the
     purpose of command control.

command post:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A unit's or subunit's headquarters where the
     commander and the staff perform their activities.  In combat, a unit's or
     subunit's headquarters is often divided into echelons; the echelon in
     which the unit or subunit commander is located or from which he operates
     is called a command post.

command post exercise:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  An exercise in which the forces are
     simulated, involving the commander, his staff, and communications within
     and between headquarters.  See also exercise; maneuver.

command select ejection system:  See ejection systems.

command speed:  (DOD)  The speed at which the controlled aircraft is directed
     to fly.

command-sponsored dependent:  (DOD)  A dependent entitled to travel to oversea
     commands at Government expense and endorsed by the appropriate military
     commander to be present in a dependent's status.

commercial items:  (DOD, IADB)  Articles of supply readily available from
     established commercial distribution sources, which the Department of
     Defense or inventory managers in the Military Services have designated to
     be obtained directly or indirectly from such sources.

commercial loading:  See administrative loading.

commercial vehicle:  (DOD)  A vehicle which has evolved in the commercial
     market to meet civilian requirements and which is selected from existing
     production lines for military use.

commission:  (DOD, IADB)  1.  To put in or make ready for service or use, as
     to commission an aircraft or a ship.  2.  A written order giving a person
     rank and authority as an officer in the armed forces.  3.  The rank and
     the authority given by such an order.  See also activate; constitute.

commit:  (DOD)  The process of committing one or more air interceptors or
     surface-to-air missiles for interception against a target track.

commodity loading:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A method of loading in which various
     types of cargoes are loaded together, such as ammunition, rations, or
     boxed vehicles, in order that each commodity can be discharged without
     disturbing the others.  See also loading.

commodity manager:  (DOD, IADB)  An individual within the organization of an
     inventory control point or other such organization, assigned management
     responsibility for homogeneous grouping of materiel items.

commonality:  (DOD)  A quality which applies to materiel or systems:

     a.  possessing like and interchangeable characteristics enabling each to
     be utilized, or operated and maintained, by personnel trained on the
     others without additional specialized training.

     b.  having interchangeable repair parts and/or components.

     c.  applying to consumable items interchangeably equivalent without
     adjustment.

commonality:  (NATO)  A state achieved when groups of individuals,
     organizations, or nations use common doctrine, procedures, or equipment.
     See also compatibility; interchangeability; interoperability.

common business-oriented language:  (DOD, IADB)  A specific language by which
     business data-processing procedures may be precisely described in a
     standard form.  The language is intended not only as a means for directly
     presenting any business program to any suitable computer for which a
     compiler exists, but also as a means of communicating such procedures
     among individuals.  Commonly referred to as COBOL.

common control (artillery):  (DOD, IADB)  Horizontal and vertical map or chart
     location of points in the target area and position area, tied in with the
     horizontal and vertical control in use by two or more units.  May be
     established by firing, survey, or combination of both, or by assumption.
     See also control point; field control; ground control.

common infrastructure:  (DOD, NATO)  Infrastructure essential to the training
     of NATO forces or to the implementation of NATO operational plans which,
     owing to its degree of common use or interest and its compliance with
     criteria laid down from time to time by the North Atlantic Council, is
     commonly financed by NATO members.  See also infrastructure.

common item:  (DOD, IADB)  1.  Any item of materiel which is required for use
     by more than one activity.  2.  Sometimes loosely used to denote any
     consumable item except repair parts or other technical items.  3.  Any
     item of materiel which is procured for, owned by (Service stock), or used
     by any Military Department of the Department of Defense and that is also
     required to be furnished to a recipient country under the grant-aid
     Military Assistance Program.  4.  Readily available commercial items.  5.
     Items used by two or more Military Services of similar manufacture or
     fabrication that may vary between the Services as to color or shape (as
     vehicles or clothing).  6.  Any part or component which is required in
     the assembly of two or more complete end-items.

common servicing:  (DOD, IADB)  That function performed by one military
     Service in support of another military Service for which reimbursement is
     not required from the Service receiving support.  See also servicing.

common supplies:  (DOD, IADB)  Those supplies common to two or more Services.

common use:  (DOD)  Services, materials, or facilities provided by a
     Department of Defense agency or a military department on a common basis
     for two or more Department of Defense agencies.

common user airlift service:  (DOD, IADB)  In military transport service
     usage, the airlift service provided on a common basis for all DOD
     agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the US
     Government.  (Note:  IADB definition ends with agencies of Government.).

common-user military land transportation:  (DOD, IADB)  Point-to-point land
     transportation service operated by a single Service for common use by two
     or more Services.

common user network:  (DOD, IADB)  A system of circuits or channels allocated
     to furnish communication paths between switching centers to provide
     communication service on a common basis to all connected stations or
     subscribers.  It is sometimes described as a General Purpose Network.

common-user ocean terminals:  (DOD)  A military installation, part of a
     military installation, or a commercial facility operated under contract
     or arrangement by the Military Traffic Management Command which regularly
     provides for two or more Services, terminal functions of receipt, transit
     storage or staging, processing, and loading and unloading of passengers
     or cargo aboard ships.

common-user ocean terminals:  (IADB)  A military installation, part of a
     military installation, or a commercial facility that regularly provides
     for two or more Services, terminal functions of receipt, transit storage
     or staging, processing, and loading and unloading of passengers or cargo
     aboard ships.

communication deception:  (DOD, IADB)  Use of devices, operations, and
     techniques with the intent of confusing or misleading the user of a
     communications link or a navigation system.

communication operation instructions:  See signal operation instructions.

communications:  (DOD, IADB)  A method or means of conveying information of
     any kind from one person or place to another.  See also
     telecommunication.

communications center:  (DOD, NATO)  An agency charged with the responsibility
     for handling and controlling communications traffic.  The center normally
     includes message center, transmitting and receiving facilities.  See also
     telecommunications center.

communications intelligence:  (DOD, IADB)  Technical and intelligence
     information derived from foreign communications by other than the
     intended recipients.  Also called COMINT.

communications intelligence data base:  (DOD)  The aggregate of technical and
     intelligence information derived from the interception and analysis of
     foreign communications (excluding press, propaganda, and public
     broadcast) used in the direction and redirection of communications
     intelligence intercept, analysis, and reporting activities.

communications mark:  (DOD)  An electronic indicator used for directing
     attention to a particular object or position of mutual interest within or
     between command and control systems.

communications net:  (DOD, NATO)  An organization of stations capable of
     direct communications on a common channel or frequency.

communications network:  (DOD, IADB)  An organization of stations capable of
     intercommunications but not necessarily on the same channel.

communications satellite:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  An orbiting vehicle, which
     relays signals between communications stations.  There are two types:
     a.  Active Communications Satellite - A satellite that receives,
     regenerates, and retransmits signals between stations; b.  Passive
     Communications Satellite - A satellite which reflects communications
     signals between stations.

communications security:  (DOD, IADB)  The protection resulting from all
     measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value which
     might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications, or
     to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of
     such possession and study.  Also called COMSEC.  Communications security
     includes a.  cryptosecurity; b.  transmission security; c.  emission
     security; and d.  physical security of communications security materials
     and information.

     1.  cryptosecurity - The component of communications security which
     results from the provision of technically sound crypto-systems and their
     proper use.

     2.  transmission security - The component of communications security
     which results from all measures designed to protect transmissions from
     interception and exploitation by means other than cryptanalysis.

     3.  emission security - The component of communications security which
     results from all measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information
     of value that might be derived from intercept and analysis of
     compromising emanations from crypto-equipment and telecommunications
     systems.

     4.  physical security - The component of communications security which
     results from all physical measures necessary to safeguard classified
     equipment, material, and documents from access thereto or observation
     thereof by unauthorized persons.

communications security equipment:  (DOD, IADB)  Equipment designed to provide
     security to telecommunications by converting information to a form
     unintelligible to an unauthorized interceptor and by reconverting such
     information to its original form for authorized recipients, as well as
     equipment designed specifically to aid in, or as an essential element of,
     the conversion process.  Communications security equipment is
     cryptoequipment, cryptoancillary equipment, cryptoproduction equipment,
     and authentication equipment.

communications security material:  (DOD, IADB)  All documents, devices,
     equipment, or apparatus, including cryptomaterial, used in establishing
     or maintaining secure communications.

communications security monitoring:  (DOD, IADB)  The act of listening to,
     copying, or recording transmissions of one's own circuits (or when
     specially agreed, e.g., in allied exercises, those of friendly forces) to
     provide material for communications security analysis in order to
     determine the degree of security being provided to those transmissions.
     In particular, the purposes include providing a basis for advising
     commanders on the security risks resulting from their transmissions,
     improving the security of communications, and planning and conducting
     manipulative communications deception operations.

communications terminal:  (DOD)  Terminus of a communications circuit at which
     data can be either entered or received; located with the originator or
     ultimate addressee.

communications zone:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  Rear part of theater of operations
     (behind but contiguous to the combat zone) which contains the lines of
     communications, establishments for supply and evacuation, and other
     agencies required for the immediate support and maintenance of the field
     forces.  See also combat zone; rear area.

community relations:  (DOD, IADB)  The relationship between military and
     civilian communities.

community relations program:  (DOD)  That command function which evaluates
     public attitudes, identifies the mission of a military organization with
     the public interest, and executes a program of action to earn public
     understanding and acceptance.  Community relations programs are conducted
     at all levels of command, both in the United States and overseas, by
     military organizations having a community relations area of
     responsibility.  Community relations programs include, but are not
     limited to, such activities as liaison and cooperation with associations
     and organizations and their local affiliates at all levels; armed forces
     participation in international, national, regional, state, and local
     public events; installation open houses and tours; embarkations in naval
     ships; orientation tours for distinguished civilians; people-to-people
     and humanitarian acts; cooperation with government officials and
     community leaders; and encouragement of armed forces personnel and their
     dependents to participate in activities of local schools, churches,
     fraternal, social, and civic organizations, sports, and recreation
     programs, and other aspects of community life to the extent feasible and
     appropriate, regardless of where they are located.

community relations program:  (IADB)  That command function that evaluates
     public attitudes, identifies the mission of a military organization with
     the public interest, and executes a program of action to earn public
     understanding and acceptance.  Community relations programs include, but
     are not limited to, such activities as liaison and cooperation with
     associations and organizations and their local affiliates at all levels;
     armed forces participation in international, national, regional, state,
     and local public events; installation open houses and tours, embarkations
     in naval ships, orientation tours for distinguished government officials
     and community leaders; and encouragement of armed forces personnel and
     their dependents to participate in activities of civic organizations,
     sports and recreation programs, and other aspects of community life to
     the extent feasible and appropriate, regardless of where they are
     located.

comparative cover:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  Coverage of the same area or object
     taken at different times, to show any changes in details.  See also
     cover.

compartmentation:  (DOD)  1.  Establishment and management of an intelligence
     organization so that information about the personnel, organization, or
     activities of one component is made available to any other component only
     to the extent required for the performance of assigned duties.  2.
     Effects of relief and drainage upon avenues of approach so as to produce
     areas bounded on at least two sides by terrain features such as woods,
     ridges, or ravines that limit observation or observed fire into the area
     from points outside the area.

compartment marking:  (NATO)  In an aircraft, a system of marking a cabin into
     compartments for the positioning of loads in accordance with the weight
     and balance requirements.

compass direction:  (DOD, NATO)  The horizontal direction expressed as an
     angular distance measured clockwise from compass north.

compass north:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  The uncorrected direction indicated by the
     north seeking end of a compass needle.  See also magnetic north.

compass rose:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A graduated circle, usually marked in
     degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate
     medium.

compatibility:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  Capability of two or more items or
     components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same
     system or environment without mutual interference.  See also
     interchangeability.

compilation:  (NATO, IADB)  Selection, assembly, and graphic presentation of
     all relevant information required for the preparation of a map or chart.
     Such information may be derived from other maps or charts or from other
     sources.

compilation diagram:  (NATO)  A diagram giving details of the source material
     from which the map or chart has been compiled; this does not necessarily
     include reliability information.  See also reliability diagram.

complaint-type investigation:  (DOD)  A counterintelligence investigation in
     which sabotage, espionage, treason, sedition, subversive activity, or
     disaffection is suspected.

complete round:  (DOD, IADB)  A term applied to an assemblage of explosive and
     nonexplosive components designed to perform a specific function at the
     time and under the conditions desired.  Examples of complete rounds of
     ammunition are:

     a.  separate loading - consisting of a primer, propelling charge, and,
     except for blank ammunition, a projectile and a fuze.

     b.  fixed or semifixed - consisting of a primer, propelling charge,
     cartridge case, a projectile, and, except when solid projectiles are
     used, a fuze.

     c.  bomb - consisting of all component parts required to drop and
     function the bomb once.

     d.  missile - consisting of a complete warhead section and a missile body
     with its associated components and propellants.

     e.  rocket - consisting of all components necessary to function.

complete round:  (NATO)  Ammunition which contains all the components
     necessary for it to function.

component:  (DOD, NATO)  A part or combination of parts, having a specified
     function, which can only be installed or replaced as a whole, and is also
     generally expendable.

component life:  (NATO, IADB)  The period of acceptable usage after which the
     likelihood of failure sharply increases and before which the components
     are removed in the interests of reliability of operation.

component (materiel):  (DOD)  An assembly or any combination of parts,
     subassemblies, and assemblies mounted together in manufacture, assembly,
     maintenance, or rebuild.

component search and rescue controller:  (DOD, IADB)  The designated search
     and rescue representative of a component commander of a unified command
     who is responsible in the name of his component commander for the control
     of component search and rescue forces committed to joint search and
     rescue operations.  See also search and rescue.

composite air photography:  (DOD)  Air photographs made with a camera having
     one principal lens and two or more surrounding and oblique lenses.  The
     several resulting photographs are corrected or transformed in printing to
     permit assembly as verticals with the same scale.

composite Air Strike Force:  (DOD)  A group of selected US Air Force units
     composed of appropriate elements of tactical air power (tactical
     fighters, tactical reconnaissance, tankers, airlift, and command and
     control elements) capable of employing a spectrum of nuclear and
     nonnuclear weapons Composite Air Strike Force forces are held in
     readiness for immediate deployment from the continental United States to
     all areas of the world to meet national emergency contingency plans.

compound helicopter:  (DOD, NATO)  A helicopter with an auxiliary propulsion
     system which provides thrust in excess of that which the rotor(s) alone
     could produce, thereby permitting increased forward speeds; wings may or
     may not be provided to reduce the lift required from the rotor system.

compression chamber:  See hyperbaric chamber.

compromise:  (DOD)  The known or suspected exposure of clandestine personnel,
     installations, or other assets or of classified information or material,
     to an unauthorized person.

compromised:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A term applied to classified matter,
     knowledge of which has, in whole or in part, passed to an unauthorized
     person or persons, or which has been subject to risk of such
     passing.  See also classified matter.

computed air release point:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  A computed air position where
     the first paratroop or cargo item is released to land on a specified
     impact point.

concealment:  (DOD, NATO)  The protection from observation or
     surveillance.  See also camouflage; cover; screen.

concentrated fire:  (NATO, IADB)  1.  The fire of the batteries of two or more
     ships directed against a single target.  2.  Fire from a number of
     weapons directed at a single point or small area.  See also fire; massed
     fire.

concentration area:  (DOD, NATO, IADB)  1.  An area, usually in the theater of
     operations, where troops are assembled before beginning active
     operations.  2.  A limited area on which a volume of gunfire is placed
     within a limited time.

concept:  (DOD, NATO)  A notion or statement of an idea, expressing how
     something might be done or accomplished, that may lead to an accepted
     procedure.

concept of operations:  (DOD, IADB)  A verbal or graphic statement, in broad
     outline, of a commander's assumptions or intent in regard to an operation
     or series of operations.  The concept of operations frequently is
     embodied in campaign plans and operation plans; in the latter case,
     particularly when the plans cover a series of connected operations to be
     carried out simultaneously or in succession.  The concept is designed to
     give an overall picture of the operation.  It is included primarily for
     additional clarity of purpose.  Frequently, it is referred to as
     commander's concept.

concept of operations:  (NATO)  A clear and concise statement of the line of
     action chosen by a, commander in order to accomplish his mission.

condensation cloud:  (DOD, IADB)  A mist or fog of minute water droplets that
     temporarily surrounds the fireball following a nuclear (or atomic)
     detonation in a comparatively humid atmosphere.  The expansion of the air
     in the negative phase of the blast wave from the explosion results in a
     lowering of the temperature, so that condensation of water vapor present
     in the air occurs and a cloud forms.  The cloud is soon dispelled when
     the pressure returns to normal and the air warms up again.  The
     phenomenon is similar to that used by physicists in the Wilson cloud
     chamber and is sometimes called the cloud chamber effect.

condensation trail:  (DOD)  A visible cloud streak, usually brilliantly white
     in color, which trails behind a missile or other vehicle in flight under
     certain conditions.  Also known as contrail.

Condor:  (DOD)  An air-to-surface guided missile which provides standoff
     launch capability for attack aircraft.  Designated as AGM-53.

conducting staff:  See exercise; directing staff.